A case report of hydrocephalus in a lamb

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Faculty of Paraveterinary Medicine, Ilam University - Iran

2 , Islamic Azad University, Tabriz branch, Tabriz, Iran

Abstract

 Hydrocephalus is a nervous system disorder characterized by increased intracranial pressure and head enlargement. Increased intracranial pressure is a direct consequence of fluid accumulation in the ventricular system. This condition can affect almost all animal species, including domestic animals such as cattle, sheep, goats, dogs, and cats.
A lamb that was born by caesarean section and had hydrocephalus abnormality was evaluated biometrically and anatomically after dying in the dissection hall of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, as well as cerebrospinal fluid culture was evaluated in the department of microbiology and mycology.The results of this study showed that this abnormality did not have a bacterial or fungal cause, so it is very likely that it can be caused by the issue of nutrition and contamination in the feeding of the mother sheep, or a lack of micronutrients, or a viral factor.Cognitive and physical defects can occur as a result of hydrocephalus. The pathophysiology of hydrocephalus is unclear. While the circulation theory is widely accepted as a hypothesis for the development of hydrocephalus, there is a lack of sufficient proof in clinical situations and in experimental settings. However, there is increasing evidence that osmotic gradients are responsible for the water content of brain ventricles, similar to their presence in other water-permeable organs in the body. Therefore, brain disorders that result in excess macromolecules in the ventricular CSF alter the osmotic gradient and lead to hydrocephalus.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

فقانی, مرجانمهر و بکایی, 1401الگوهای پاتولوژیک ضایعات دستگاه عصبی مرکزی در نشخوارکنندگان کوچک مرده به دنیا آمده و تازه متولد شده دارای نشانه‌های عصبی استان سمنان. مجله تحقیقات دامپزشکی (Journal of Veterinary Research), 76(1), pp.14-21.‎
نوری, پهلوان زاده and مسعود, 1387. گزارش موردی ازگوساله دوسر. دانش زیستی ایران, 4(3), pp.47-52.‎
 
Buczinski, S.M., Fecteau, G., Lefebvre, R.C. and Smith, L.C., 2007. Fetal well-being assessment in bovine near-term gestations: Current knowledge and future perspectives arising from comparative medicine. The Canadian Veterinary Journal, 48(2), p.178.
de Lahunta, A. and Glass, E., 2009. Cerebrospinal fluid and hydrocephalus. Veterinary neuroanatomy and clinical neurology, pp.54-76.
de Lesegno, B.V. and Duncan, K.R., 2017. Suspected fetal anomalies. Obstetrics, Gynaecology & Reproductive Medicine, 27(6), pp.191-195.
de Stefani, A., de Risio, L., Platt, S.R., Matiasek, L., Lujan‐Feliu‐Pascual, A. and Garosi, L.S., 2011. Surgical technique, postoperative complications and outcome in 14 dogs treated for hydrocephalus by ventriculoperitoneal shunting. Veterinary surgery, 40(2), pp.183-191.
Hyttel, P., Sinowatz, F., Vejlsted, M. and Betteridge, K., 2009. Essentials of domestic animal embryology. Elsevier Health Sciences.
Krishnamurthy, S. and Li, J., 2014. New concepts in the pathogenesis of hydrocephalus. Translational pediatrics, 3(3), p.185.
Masucci, M.A.R.I.S.A., Capucchio, M.T., Buttitta, R.O.S.A.L.I.N.D.A., Colombino, E.L.E.N.A. and Mignacca, S.A., 2022. Congenital hydrocephalus in three sheep: Clinical, electroencephalographic and pathological features. Veterinární medicína, 67(1), pp.51-58.
Moura, E. and Pimpão, C.T., 2012. Veterinary dysmorphology. A Bird’s-Eye View of Veterinary Medicine, pp.71-98.
MT, C. and E, C., 2020. Multiple cephalic malformations in a calf. Animals, 10(9), p.1532.
Murcia, P., Donachie, W. and Palmarini, M., 2009. Viral pathogens of domestic animals and their impact on biology, medicine and agriculture. Encyclopedia of Microbiology, p.805.
Nigri, F., Gobbi, G.N., Pinto, P.H.D.C.F., Simões, E.L. and Caparelli-Daquer, E.M., 2016. Hydrocephalus caused by unilateral foramen of Monro obstruction: A review on terminology. Surgical Neurology International, 7(Suppl 12), p.S307.
Parsonson, I.M., Della-Porta, A.J. and Snowdon, W.A., 1977. Congenital abnormalities in newborn lambs after infection of pregnant sheep with Akabane virus. Infection and immunity, 15(1), pp.254-262.
Portnoy, H.D., Branch, C. and Castro, M.E., 1994. The relationship of intracranial venous pressure to hydrocephalus. Child's Nervous System, 10, pp.29-35.
Rousseaux, C.G., 1988. Developmental anomalies in farm animals: I. Theoretical considerations. The Canadian Veterinary Journal, 29(1), p.23.
Schmidt, M. and Ondreka, N., 2019. Hydrocephalus in animals. Pediatric hydrocephalus, p.53.
Smith MO, George LW. Diseases of the nervous system. In: Smith BP, editor. Large animal internal medicine St Louis (MO): Mosby Elsevier; 2009. p. 972-1143.
Yang, Y., Wang, C., Chen, R., Wang, Y., Tan, C., Liu, J., Zhang, Q. and Xiao, G., 2022. Novel therapeutic modulators of astrocytes for hydrocephalus. Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience, 15, p.932955.
 
Journal of Veterinary Laboratory Research
Volume 14, Issue 2 - Serial Number 22
February 2023
Pages 131-138

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics