Seroprevalence of Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR) in Dairy Cattle in Khorramabad Using Indirect ELISA Method

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Department of pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Lorestan University. P. O. Box: 465, Khorramabad, Iran. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8994-2691

2 Faculty of veterinary medicine, Lorestan university, Khorramabad, Iran

3 2. Department of Clinical science , School of Veterinary Medicine, Lorestan University. P. O. Box: 465, Khorramabad, Iran

10.22075/jvlr.2026.39647.1193

Abstract

Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR), caused by Bovine Herpesvirus Type 1 (BHV-1), is a highly contagious disease affecting cattle worldwide, with significant economic implications due to reduced productivity and trade limitations. Despite its impact, no prior seroepidemiological investigation has been conducted in Khorramabad, Iran. This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of BHV-1 and assess potential risk factors associated with IBR infection in dairy cattle in Khorramabad. A descriptive-analytical study was carried out between December 2023 and March 2024, involving 100 non-vaccinated dairy cows aged 3 to 5 years from eight farms in north and south Khorramabad. Blood samples were analyzed using an indirect ELISA kit to detect anti-BHV-1 antibodies. Statistical analysis was performed using Chi-square tests and logistic regression. The overall seroprevalence of IBR was 59%. A significantly higher prevalence was observed in the southern region (88%) compared to the north (30%) (P<0.05). Seropositivity increased with age, with cows aged 4 and 5 years showing significantly higher infection rates (76.5% and 75%, respectively) compared to 3-year-olds (26.5%) (P<0.05). The high seroprevalence of BHV-1 in Khorramabad highlights the urgent need for preventive measures, particularly vaccination and improved herd management. Regional differences in prevalence and the strong association with age underscore the importance of targeted control strategies. This study provides foundational data for designing effective IBR surveillance and control programs in Khorramabad and similar regions.
 
Keywords:

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

Adeli, E., Pourmahdi Borujeni, M., Haji Hajikolaei, M. R., & Seifi Abad Shapouri, M. (2017). Bovine Herpesvirus-1 in Khouzestan province in Iran: seroprevalence and risk factors. Iranian journal of ruminants health research, 2(1), 47-56.
Almeida, Í. C. d., Almeida, Y. V., Donatele, D. M., Clipes, R. C., Barioni, G., Zanini, M. S., et al. (2021). Seroprevalence and associated factors of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis and bovine viral diarrhea in dairy cows in the Caparaó region, Espírito Santo, Brazil. 51(12), e20200220.
Chen, X., Wang, X., Qi, Y., Wen, X., Li, C., Liu, X., et al. (2018). Meta-analysis of prevalence of bovine herpes virus 1 in cattle in Mainland China. 187, 37-43.
Chothe, S. K., Sebastian, A., Thomas, A., Nissly, R. H., Wolfgang, D., Byukusenge, M., et al. (2018). Whole-genome sequence analysis reveals unique SNP profiles to distinguish vaccine and wild-type strains of bovine herpesvirus-1 (BoHV-1). 522, 27-36.
Flynn, A., McAloon, C., Sugrue, K., Fitzgerald, R., Sheridan, C., Cowley, B., et al. (2024). Investigation into the safety, and serological responses elicited by delivery of live intranasal vaccines for bovine herpes virus type 1, bovine respiratory syncytial virus, and parainfluenza type 3 in pre-weaned calves. 11, 1283013.
Henderson, K., & Caldow, G. J. L. (2024). Impact of bovine herpesvirus-1 infection on fertility in dairy cattle. 29(6), 240-245.
Iscaro, C., Cambiotti, V., Petrini, S., & Feliziani, F. J. A. H. R. R. (2021). Control programs for infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) in European countries: An overview. 22(2), 136-146.
KARGAR, M. R., Bokaei, S., Akhavizadegan, M., Charkhkar, S., & Meshkot, M. (2001). Seroepidemological survey for antibodies against infectious bovine rhinotracheitis and bovine herpes 4 viruses among cattle in different provinces of Iran.
Maestre, C., Portillo, J., Ortiz, S., Tobón, J., & Penitente, J. J. R. M. C. (2023). Prevalencia de diarrea viral bovina, rinotraqueitis infecciosa bovina y leucosis viral bovina en ovinos y caprinos de la media Guajira 2021-2022. 28.
Maresca, C., Scoccia, E., Dettori, A., Felici, A., Guarcini, R., Petrini, S., et al. (2018). National surveillance plan for infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) in autochthonous Italian cattle breeds: Results of first year of activity. 219, 150-153.
Naseri, Z., Rad, M., Hashemi Tabar, G., & Azizzadeh, M. J. A. o. R. I. (2009). Detection of antibody against infectious bovine rhinotracheitis glycoprotein gE in aborted cattle in Mashhad, Iran. 64(2), 91-95.
Newcomer, B. W., Cofield, L. G., Walz, P. H., & Givens, M. D. J. P. v. m. (2017). Prevention of abortion in cattle following vaccination against bovine herpesvirus 1: A meta-analysis. 138, 1-8.
Newcomer, B. W., & Givens, D. J. V. C. F. A. P. (2016). Diagnosis and control of viral diseases of reproductive importance: Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis and bovine viral diarrhea. 32(2), 425-441.
Ortiz-González, A. D., Buitrago, H. A. L., Bulla-Castañeda, D. M., Lancheros-Buitrago, D. J., Garcia-Corredor, D. J., Díaz-Anaya, A. M., et al. (2022). Seroprevalence and risk factors associated with bovine herpesvirus 1 in dairy herds of Colombia. 15(6), 1550.
Patil, S. S., Suresh, K. P., Velankar, A., Shivaranjini, C., Hemadri, D., Hiremath, J., et al. (2022). Seroprevalence of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) in India: a 5-year study. 58(3).
Petrini, S., Curini, V., Righi, C., Cammà, C., Di Lollo, V., Tinelli, E., et al. (2024). Genomic Characterization of a Wild-Type Bovine alphaherpesvirus 1 (BoAHV-1) Strain Isolated in an Outbreak in Central Italy. 16(1), 150.
Petrini, S., Iscaro, C., & Righi, C. J. V. (2019). Antibody responses to bovine alphaherpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) in passively immunized calves. 11(1), 23.
Rimayanti, R., Khairullah, A. R., Lestari, T. D., Moses, I. B., Utama, S., Damayanti, R., et al. (2024). Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis: Unveiling the hidden threat to livestock productivity and global trade. 14(10), 2525.
Ring, S. C., Graham, D. A., Sayers, R., Byrne, N., Kelleher, M. M., Doherty, M. L., et al. (2018). Genetic variability in the humoral immune response to bovine herpesvirus-1 infection in dairy cattle and genetic correlations with performance traits. 101(7), 6190-6204.
Sadri, R. (2012). Anew way of occurrence and serodiagnosis for Infectious Bovine Rhinotrchitis in Iranian cattle herds.
Santman-Berends, I., Mars, M. H., Waldeck, H. W. F., van Duijn, L., Wever, P., van den Broek, K. W. H., et al. (2018). Quantification of the probability of reintroduction of IBR in the Netherlands through cattle imports. Prev Vet Med, 150, 168-175.
Segura-Correa, J., Zapata-Campos, C., Jasso-Obregón, J., Martinez-Burnes, J., & López-Zavala, R. J. O. v. j. (2016). Seroprevalence and risk factors associated with bovine herpesvirus 1 and bovine viral diarrhea virus in North-Eastern Mexico. 6(2), 143-149.
Sibhat, B., Ayelet, G., Skjerve, E., Gebremedhin, E. Z., & Asmare, K. J. P. v. m. (2018). Bovine herpesvirus-1 in three major milk sheds of Ethiopia: Serostatus and association with reproductive disorders in dairy cattle. 150, 126-132.
Journal of Veterinary Laboratory Research
Volume 17, Issue 2 - Serial Number 28
In Progress
October 2025
Pages 241-248

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics