Histopathological investigation of the Long-Term Effects of Nanoemulsion Caffeine Administration in Rats

Hajinezhad, ****; Heydarikhabaz, AmirHossein; A, A; Jamshidyan, Abas

doi:10.22075/jvlr.2025.37523.1164

Histopathological investigation of the Long-Term Effects of Nanoemulsion Caffeine Administration in Rats

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

¹ uni zabol

² Uni Zabol

³ h

10.22075/jvlr.2025.37523.1164

Abstract

With the expanding applications of nanoparticles, assessing their biocompatibility, particularly in vital tissues, has become increasingly important. This study aimed to investigate the histopathological effects of chronic administration of caffeine nanoemulsion at different doses on the liver, kidney, heart, brain, and testicular tissues of male Wistar rats. In this experimental study, 40 adult male rats were randomly assigned to four groups: one control group and three experimental groups receiving caffeine nanoemulsion orally at doses of 5, 15, and 30 mg/kg body weight per day for two months. At the end of the treatment period, animals were anesthetized using a combination of ketamine and xylazine, with tramadol administered for analgesia. Tissue samples were collected for histopathological examination, and blood samples were obtained to evaluate serum biochemical parameters. Histopathological analysis revealed mild vascular changes, including congestion, only in the kidney tissue of the group receiving the highest dose (30 mg/kg), with no evidence of necrosis or inflammation. All other examined tissues—liver, heart, brain, and testes—preserved their normal histological architecture, and no pathological alterations were observed. These findings suggest that caffeine nanoemulsion is relatively safe for the studied tissues at low to moderate doses. However, the observed vascular changes in the kidneys at the high dose highlight the need for further investigations, particularly regarding the long-term safety of high-dose applications.

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