Semnan UniversityJournal of Veterinary Laboratory Research2821-050617220250923A Review of Laboratory Methods for Diagnosing Antibiotic Resistance with Emphasis on Identifying Beta-Lactamase-Producing StrainsA Review of Laboratory Methods for Diagnosing Antibiotic Resistance with Emphasis on Identifying Beta-Lactamase-Producing Strains1371541030310.22075/jvlr.2025.36795.1150FAKhaterhKafshdouzanDepartment of pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Semnan University, Semnan, IranFaezeEmarlooDepartment of Clincal Science, faculty of veterinary medicine, Semnan UniversityHeidarRahimiDepartment of Pathobiology,, faculty of veterinary medicine, Semnan, IranJournal Article19700101The widespread and often indiscriminate use of antibiotics in medicine, veterinary practice, and agriculture has led to the emergence and global spread of diverse forms of antibiotic resistance. The rise of antibiotic resistance has not only increased patient mortality but has also imposed significant economic losses, particularly in developing countries. Among the most pressing concerns is the proliferation of β-lactamase-producing bacteria, which undermine the efficacy of β-lactam antibiotics. Rapid and accurate identification of resistant bacteria is critical for controlling infectious diseases, ensuring timely treatment, and preventing further transmission. A variety of diagnostic methods are currently employed to identify resistance mechanisms, including culture-based assays (e.g., disk diffusion, broth/agar dilution, E-test), molecular techniques, and emerging technologies. However, no single method offers complete sensitivity and specificity while meeting all the criteria for an ideal diagnostic tool. This review critically examines current methodologies for detecting antibiotic resistance, with a particular focus on β-lactamase-mediated resistance. The strengths and limitations of each approach are discussed, alongside current challenges in antimicrobial susceptibility testing and future directions for advancing diagnostic accuracy and efficiency.<br /> <br /> The widespread and often indiscriminate use of antibiotics in medicine, veterinary practice, and agriculture has led to the emergence and global spread of diverse forms of antibiotic resistance. The rise of antibiotic resistance has not only increased patient mortality but has also imposed significant economic losses, particularly in developing countries. Among the most pressing concerns is the proliferation of β-lactamase-producing bacteria, which undermine the efficacy of β-lactam antibiotics. Rapid and accurate identification of resistant bacteria is critical for controlling infectious diseases, ensuring timely treatment, and preventing further transmission. A variety of diagnostic methods are currently employed to identify resistance mechanisms, including culture-based assays (e.g., disk diffusion, broth/agar dilution, E-test), molecular techniques, and emerging technologies. However, no single method offers complete sensitivity and specificity while meeting all the criteria for an ideal diagnostic tool. This review critically examines current methodologies for detecting antibiotic resistance, with a particular focus on β-lactamase-mediated resistance. The strengths and limitations of each approach are discussed, alongside current challenges in antimicrobial susceptibility testing and future directions for advancing diagnostic accuracy and efficiency.<br /> <br /> https://jvlr.semnan.ac.ir/article_10303_94535c6dd9291aa34c2eeb43ee336f10.pdfSemnan UniversityJournal of Veterinary Laboratory Research2821-050617220260205Case report: Primary bilateral glaucoma with severe buphthalmos in a female domestic catCase report: Primary bilateral glaucoma with severe buphthalmos in a female domestic cat1551601030610.22075/jvlr.2025.38134.1176FAHesamedinEskafianDepartment of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran.Journal Article20250621Glaucoma is one of the most common degenerative eye diseases, characterized by elevated intraocular pressure (IOP), and if left untreated, can lead to permanent blindness. This case report presents a 9-year-old female Domestic Shorthair (DSH) cat with a longstanding history of bilateral glaucoma that had gone undiagnosed and untreated since early in life, eventually progressing to an advanced stage. Clinical signs included marked buphthalmos in both eyes, bilateral corneal opacity and fibrosis, mydriasis with absent pupillary light reflexes, a negative menace response, superficial corneal ulcers, pronounced suprascleral vasodilation, and recent onset of ocular discomfort and pruritus—without accompanying blepharospasm. Given the severity of the clinical signs, the owner's inability to pursue medical management, and the risk of further deterioration, bilateral ocular evisceration was elected. Uniquely, despite the pronounced ocular changes, the cat maintained normal appetite and behavior over the years, with no evidence of advanced glaucomatous complications, underscoring the chronic, insidious nature of the disease in this case.Glaucoma is one of the most common degenerative eye diseases, characterized by elevated intraocular pressure (IOP), and if left untreated, can lead to permanent blindness. This case report presents a 9-year-old female Domestic Shorthair (DSH) cat with a longstanding history of bilateral glaucoma that had gone undiagnosed and untreated since early in life, eventually progressing to an advanced stage. Clinical signs included marked buphthalmos in both eyes, bilateral corneal opacity and fibrosis, mydriasis with absent pupillary light reflexes, a negative menace response, superficial corneal ulcers, pronounced suprascleral vasodilation, and recent onset of ocular discomfort and pruritus—without accompanying blepharospasm. Given the severity of the clinical signs, the owner's inability to pursue medical management, and the risk of further deterioration, bilateral ocular evisceration was elected. Uniquely, despite the pronounced ocular changes, the cat maintained normal appetite and behavior over the years, with no evidence of advanced glaucomatous complications, underscoring the chronic, insidious nature of the disease in this case.https://jvlr.semnan.ac.ir/article_10306_c89639a556ed1cef5597f1bdb65b90af.pdfSemnan UniversityJournal of Veterinary Laboratory Research2821-050617220251229Detection and Quantification of Oxytetracycline Residues in Raw Semnan Milk Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) MethodDetection and Quantification of Oxytetracycline Residues in Raw Semnan Milk Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) Method1611691030810.22075/jvlr.2025.38791.1183FAMaedehAlizadeh NikooFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, Semnan, Semnan, IranSaeidehNaeimiDepartment of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Semnan University, Semnan, IranAshkanJebelli JavanDepartment of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Semnan University, Semnan, IranAliRassouli, Department of Comparative Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranJournal Article20250824Tetracyclines are a widely used, broad-spectrum class of antibiotics prescribed to manage mastitis and various diseases in dairy herds. The improper and excessive use of antibiotics, along with failure to observe withdrawal periods, has led to the presence of drug residues in food products of animal origin. The present study aimed to determine the level of oxytetracycline in raw milk consumed in the city of Semnan. This cross-sectional study was conducted during the autumn. Thirty-six samples were collected from a milk platform in the city of Semnan. The samples were then analyzed for oxytetracycline residues using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The concentration of oxytetracycline isolated in all samples was less than the Maximum Residue Limit (MRL) of 0.1 µg/mL, with the exception of one sample that was above the limit. Given the presence of drug residues in milk found in this study and others, further investigations into the health of products from treated animals for human consumption should be a priority. The prudent use of antimicrobial drugs and adherence to their withdrawal periods can prevent the adverse effects and harm associated with them.Tetracyclines are a widely used, broad-spectrum class of antibiotics prescribed to manage mastitis and various diseases in dairy herds. The improper and excessive use of antibiotics, along with failure to observe withdrawal periods, has led to the presence of drug residues in food products of animal origin. The present study aimed to determine the level of oxytetracycline in raw milk consumed in the city of Semnan. This cross-sectional study was conducted during the autumn. Thirty-six samples were collected from a milk platform in the city of Semnan. The samples were then analyzed for oxytetracycline residues using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The concentration of oxytetracycline isolated in all samples was less than the Maximum Residue Limit (MRL) of 0.1 µg/mL, with the exception of one sample that was above the limit. Given the presence of drug residues in milk found in this study and others, further investigations into the health of products from treated animals for human consumption should be a priority. The prudent use of antimicrobial drugs and adherence to their withdrawal periods can prevent the adverse effects and harm associated with them.https://jvlr.semnan.ac.ir/article_10308_4a11a70ffcf9743af52823cde012619a.pdfSemnan UniversityJournal of Veterinary Laboratory Research2821-050617220260106A Study and Comparative Analysis of Normal Vertebral column in Male and Female Luristan Newt (Neurergus kaiseri) Using Digital MammographyA Study and Comparative Analysis of Normal Vertebral column in Male and Female Luristan Newt (Neurergus kaiseri) Using Digital Mammography1711791029910.22075/jvlr.2025.38852.1184FAYasinValizadehDepartment of veterinary Clinical Sciences, SR.C., Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.MohammadNasrolahzadeh MasoulehDepartment of veterinary Clinical Sciences, SR.C., Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.OmidZehtabvarAnatomy Sector, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.SaiedBokaieEpidemiology and Zoonosis Division, Department of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.Journal Article20250828The Luristan newt (<em>Neurergus kaiseri</em>) inhabits restricted mountainous habitats in Lorestan Province and northern Khuzestan Province. Specimens were collected from the Korki habitat in Lorestan Province in coordination with the relevant authorities and transferred under appropriate conditions to the Imaging Center of the Social Security Hospital in Khorramabad for radiographic examination. Images were acquired using a digital mammography device in the dorsoventral view, after which morphological and morphometric analyses were performed using Radiant DICOM Viewer software. The vertebral column of the Luristan newt (<em>Neurergus kaiseri</em>) is composed of multiple discrete bony units (vertebrae). The species possesses one cervical vertebra (atlas), 12 trunk vertebrae, one sacral vertebra, 2–3 caudosacral vertebrae, and 28–31 caudal vertebrae. Vertebral counts were consistent between males and females in all regions except the caudal vertebrae. Mean skull length, trunk length, tail length, and total body length were lower in males than in females. Overall, female specimens exhibited larger body sizes compared to males. No specimens were sacrificed in this study, and all individuals were returned alive and in good health to the Department of Environmental Protection of Lorestan Province following the experiments.
<strong>Keywords</strong>: The Luristan newt (<em>Neurergus kaiseri</em>) inhabits restricted mountainous habitats in Lorestan Province and northern Khuzestan Province. Specimens were collected from the Korki habitat in Lorestan Province in coordination with the relevant authorities and transferred under appropriate conditions to the Imaging Center of the Social Security Hospital in Khorramabad for radiographic examination. Images were acquired using a digital mammography device in the dorsoventral view, after which morphological and morphometric analyses were performed using Radiant DICOM Viewer software. The vertebral column of the Luristan newt (<em>Neurergus kaiseri</em>) is composed of multiple discrete bony units (vertebrae). The species possesses one cervical vertebra (atlas), 12 trunk vertebrae, one sacral vertebra, 2–3 caudosacral vertebrae, and 28–31 caudal vertebrae. Vertebral counts were consistent between males and females in all regions except the caudal vertebrae. Mean skull length, trunk length, tail length, and total body length were lower in males than in females. Overall, female specimens exhibited larger body sizes compared to males. No specimens were sacrificed in this study, and all individuals were returned alive and in good health to the Department of Environmental Protection of Lorestan Province following the experiments.
<strong>Keywords</strong>: https://jvlr.semnan.ac.ir/article_10299_76e1cb3a107a05f59ba044498136b18e.pdfSemnan UniversityJournal of Veterinary Laboratory Research2821-050617220260106The effect of feeding Lilaki (Gleditsia caspica) along with Polyethylene Glycol on Performance Characteristics and some Blood and Immune Parameters
in Fattening Male LambsThe effect of feeding Lilaki (Gleditsia caspica) along with Polyethylene Glycol on Performance Characteristics and some Blood and Immune Parameters
in Fattening Male Lambs1811931027410.22075/jvlr.2025.37867.1169FAFarzadMirzaei AghjeGheshlaghDepartment of animal sci, university of mohaghegh ardabiliNasibehJafaripourAnimal Science Department, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, IranBahmanNavidshadAnimal Science Department, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, IranMehdiJamaliDepartment of Animal Science, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, IranAliMahdaviAnimal Science Department, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, IranJournal Article20250524The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of using Lilaki plant along with polyethylene glycol in the diet of fattening male lambs on performance, blood parameters and some safety parameters. For this purpose, an experiment was conducted with 30 Moghani male lambs in a completely randomized design using 5 experimental treatments. According to the results, there was no difference between the experimental treatments in terms of the effect on weight gain, feed consumption and feed conversion ratio. This was while feed consumption was significantly lower in the first period of rearing (p<0.05). Also, according to the results, the highest amount of protein and albumin was observed in the treatment containing 10% Lilaki. The effect of the treatments on the percentage of weight of the calf, right foreleg, neck, thigh and groin was significant (p<0.05). Regarding the physical growth traits of Moghani lambs, the height of the withers and the two front thighs were significantly affected by the experimental treatments (p<0.05). In addition, the results of this study showed that the consumption of Lilaki had a significant effect on the digestibility of protein and NDF of the diet (p<0.05). In general, the use of Lilaki up to 10% of the diet without negative effects on the growth and health indicators of lambs, led to the improvement of some experimental parameters.
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of using Lilaki plant along with polyethylene glycol in the diet of fattening male lambs on performance, blood parameters and some safety parameters. For this purpose, an experiment was conducted with 30 Moghani male lambs in a completely randomized design using 5 experimental treatments. According to the results, there was no difference between the experimental treatments in terms of the effect on weight gain, feed consumption and feed conversion ratio. This was while feed consumption was significantly lower in the first period of rearing (p<0.05). Also, according to the results, the highest amount of protein and albumin was observed in the treatment containing 10% Lilaki. The effect of the treatments on the percentage of weight of the calf, right foreleg, neck, thigh and groin was significant (p<0.05). Regarding the physical growth traits of Moghani lambs, the height of the withers and the two front thighs were significantly affected by the experimental treatments (p<0.05). In addition, the results of this study showed that the consumption of Lilaki had a significant effect on the digestibility of protein and NDF of the diet (p<0.05). In general, the use of Lilaki up to 10% of the diet without negative effects on the growth and health indicators of lambs, led to the improvement of some experimental parameters.
https://jvlr.semnan.ac.ir/article_10274_1eb10378e05553bbd777955426bcdf10.pdfSemnan UniversityJournal of Veterinary Laboratory Research2821-050617220260316Measurement of TSH, T3 and T4 in Darehshori, Iranian pure Arab and foreign blood Arab horsesMeasurement of TSH, T3 and T4 in Darehshori, Iranian pure Arab and foreign blood Arab horses1952001053710.22075/jvlr.2025.36050.1141FAAli AsgharMozaffariDepartment of Clinical Studies, Veterinary School, Shahid Bahonar university of Kerman, iranMehrdadShamsadiniResearch, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Razi Vaccine& Serum Research institute, Kerman Branch, Kerman, IranHesamRafizadeh ShahiDoctor of Veterinary Medicine, Kerman, IranHosseinSalajeghehStudent of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Iran.Journal Article20241126The thyroid gland, a critical endocrine organ, regulates physiological functions throughout the body via the secretion of the hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). Deviations in thyroid hormone levels can impact multiple organ systems and lead to diverse clinical manifestations. This study aimed to measure serum concentrations of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), T3, and T4 in three equine breeds: Darehshori, Iranian Purebred Arab, and Foreign Blood Arab horses. A total of 120 blood samples (40 per breed) were collected from horse farms in Yazd, Iran. Following centrifugation, serum was separated and stored in freezer until analysis. Hormone concentrations were determined using commercial kits for T3 (Pishtaz Teb), T4 (monobound kit, USA), and TSH (ELISA, Saman Tajghiz Noor) according to manufacturers' protocols. The results demonstrated significant differences in TSH, T3, and T4 levels between Iranian Purebred Arab and Foreign Blood Arab horses.The thyroid gland, a critical endocrine organ, regulates physiological functions throughout the body via the secretion of the hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). Deviations in thyroid hormone levels can impact multiple organ systems and lead to diverse clinical manifestations. This study aimed to measure serum concentrations of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), T3, and T4 in three equine breeds: Darehshori, Iranian Purebred Arab, and Foreign Blood Arab horses. A total of 120 blood samples (40 per breed) were collected from horse farms in Yazd, Iran. Following centrifugation, serum was separated and stored in freezer until analysis. Hormone concentrations were determined using commercial kits for T3 (Pishtaz Teb), T4 (monobound kit, USA), and TSH (ELISA, Saman Tajghiz Noor) according to manufacturers' protocols. The results demonstrated significant differences in TSH, T3, and T4 levels between Iranian Purebred Arab and Foreign Blood Arab horses.https://jvlr.semnan.ac.ir/article_10537_bdd5054645571e463dc583e815cb63ad.pdfSemnan UniversityJournal of Veterinary Laboratory Research2821-050617220260316Canine Heterologous Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) for the Management of FHV-1 Associated Corneal Ulcers in Three CatsCanine Heterologous Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) for the Management of FHV-1 Associated Corneal Ulcers in Three Cats2012111046210.22075/jvlr.2025.37879.1171FAEhsanMohammadiFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran0009-0007-8186-7173HesamedinEskafianDepartment of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Semnan University, Semnan, IranMohammadhassanMahjoubDVM student, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran,AliFarhadiDVM student, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Semnan University, Semnan, IranJournal Article20250525Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) contains high concentrations of platelets and growth factors that promote tissue repair by stimulating angiogenesis, recruiting stem cells, and modulating cellular activity. Both autologous PRP (derived from the patient) and heterologous PRP (donor-derived from the same species) have been effective in treating corneal injuries such as keratitis and corneal erosions. Heterologous PRP, particularly when obtained from blood banks, provides an accessible alternative, and studies have confirmed its safety. This case series evaluated the use of canine-derived heterologous PRP in treating corneal ulcers in three FHV-1-infected kittens. Due to the unavailability of autologous PRP, dog-sourced PRP was used as adjunctive therapy alongside standard treatments (antibiotics, antivirals, and artificial tears). Clinical signs included symblepharon and corneal sequestra, with ultrasound confirming corneal edema and secondary uveitis. Significant improvement in ulcer healing suggested the potential efficacy of interspecies PRP. Unvaccinated kittens exhibited more severe disease, and in one case, conjunctival flap surgery was required due to owner non-compliance. The findings indicate that heterologous PRP, including interspecies preparations, may be a promising alternative when autologous PRP is unavailable. However, further research is needed to validate its safety and efficacy. Strict adherence to veterinary protocols remains essential to prevent complications and ensure optimal outcomes.
Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) contains high concentrations of platelets and growth factors that promote tissue repair by stimulating angiogenesis, recruiting stem cells, and modulating cellular activity. Both autologous PRP (derived from the patient) and heterologous PRP (donor-derived from the same species) have been effective in treating corneal injuries such as keratitis and corneal erosions. Heterologous PRP, particularly when obtained from blood banks, provides an accessible alternative, and studies have confirmed its safety. This case series evaluated the use of canine-derived heterologous PRP in treating corneal ulcers in three FHV-1-infected kittens. Due to the unavailability of autologous PRP, dog-sourced PRP was used as adjunctive therapy alongside standard treatments (antibiotics, antivirals, and artificial tears). Clinical signs included symblepharon and corneal sequestra, with ultrasound confirming corneal edema and secondary uveitis. Significant improvement in ulcer healing suggested the potential efficacy of interspecies PRP. Unvaccinated kittens exhibited more severe disease, and in one case, conjunctival flap surgery was required due to owner non-compliance. The findings indicate that heterologous PRP, including interspecies preparations, may be a promising alternative when autologous PRP is unavailable. However, further research is needed to validate its safety and efficacy. Strict adherence to veterinary protocols remains essential to prevent complications and ensure optimal outcomes.
https://jvlr.semnan.ac.ir/article_10462_55bf6b6c7dd77017296e5a2f4a0b5a7c.pdfSemnan UniversityJournal of Veterinary Laboratory Research2821-050617220260316Histopathological investigation of the Long-Term Effects of Nanoemulsion Caffeine Administration in RatsHistopathological investigation of the Long-Term Effects of Nanoemulsion Caffeine Administration in Rats2132211045910.22075/jvlr.2025.37523.1164FAMohammadrezaHajinezhadDepartment of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran.AmirhosseinHeydari KhobazDepartment of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran.Mohammad EbrahimAkbariDepartment of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran.AbbasJamshidianhJournal Article20250425With the expanding applications of nanoparticles, assessing their biocompatibility, particularly in vital tissues, has become increasingly important. This study aimed to investigate the histopathological effects of chronic administration of caffeine nanoemulsion at different doses on the liver, kidney, heart, brain, and testicular tissues of male Wistar rats. In this experimental study, 40 adult male rats were randomly assigned to four groups: one control group and three experimental groups receiving caffeine nanoemulsion orally at doses of 5, 15, and 30 mg/kg body weight per day for two months. At the end of the treatment period, animals were anesthetized using a combination of ketamine and xylazine, with tramadol administered for analgesia. Tissue samples were collected for histopathological examination, and blood samples were obtained to evaluate serum biochemical parameters. Histopathological analysis revealed mild vascular changes, including congestion, only in the kidney tissue of the group receiving the highest dose (30 mg/kg), with no evidence of necrosis or inflammation. All other examined tissues—liver, heart, brain, and testes—preserved their normal histological architecture, and no pathological alterations were observed. These findings suggest that caffeine nanoemulsion is relatively safe for the studied tissues at low to moderate doses. However, the observed vascular changes in the kidneys at the high dose highlight the need for further investigations, particularly regarding the long-term safety of high-dose applications.
With the expanding applications of nanoparticles, assessing their biocompatibility, particularly in vital tissues, has become increasingly important. This study aimed to investigate the histopathological effects of chronic administration of caffeine nanoemulsion at different doses on the liver, kidney, heart, brain, and testicular tissues of male Wistar rats. In this experimental study, 40 adult male rats were randomly assigned to four groups: one control group and three experimental groups receiving caffeine nanoemulsion orally at doses of 5, 15, and 30 mg/kg body weight per day for two months. At the end of the treatment period, animals were anesthetized using a combination of ketamine and xylazine, with tramadol administered for analgesia. Tissue samples were collected for histopathological examination, and blood samples were obtained to evaluate serum biochemical parameters. Histopathological analysis revealed mild vascular changes, including congestion, only in the kidney tissue of the group receiving the highest dose (30 mg/kg), with no evidence of necrosis or inflammation. All other examined tissues—liver, heart, brain, and testes—preserved their normal histological architecture, and no pathological alterations were observed. These findings suggest that caffeine nanoemulsion is relatively safe for the studied tissues at low to moderate doses. However, the observed vascular changes in the kidneys at the high dose highlight the need for further investigations, particularly regarding the long-term safety of high-dose applications.
https://jvlr.semnan.ac.ir/article_10459_70266f66dad6f125ed45c51531165e05.pdfSemnan UniversityJournal of Veterinary Laboratory Research2821-050617220260316Prevalence of Macrorhabdus ornithogaster (avian gastric yeast) in budgerigar and lovebirds in YazdPrevalence of Macrorhabdus ornithogaster (avian gastric yeast) in budgerigar and lovebirds in Yazd2232291042610.22075/jvlr.2026.37992.1175FASaeedShateriDepartment of Veterinary Medicine.Bob.C, Islamic Azad University, Babol, IranMohammadDehghan MohammadabadiDepartment of Veterinary Medicine.Bob.C, Islamic Azad University, Babol, IranSaeedSeifiDepartment of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Amol University of Special Modern Technologies, IranJournal Article20250612<em>Macrorhabdus ornithogaster</em> is a yeast found in many bird species worldwide. It usually grows between the proventriculus and the gizzard and may have no clinical symptoms, but some birds die in a short period of time due to malabsorption and emaciation, while they have a good appetite. Rapid diagnosis is required to achieve the best treatment results with antifungal drugs. The study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of <em>Macrorhabdus ornithogaster</em> in budgerigars and lovebirds in Yazd city. 140 apparently healthy birds were studied and 5 stool samples were collected from each bird. A total of 700 stool samples were evaluated by fecal wet-mount and gram staining methods. Also, histopathological examination was done on 3 dead birds which had signs including anorexia and weight loss. <em>Macrorhabdus ornithogaster</em> was not found in wet smear and histopathological samples, which shows a very low prevalence of this organism in budgerigars and lovebirds in Yazd city.<em>Macrorhabdus ornithogaster</em> is a yeast found in many bird species worldwide. It usually grows between the proventriculus and the gizzard and may have no clinical symptoms, but some birds die in a short period of time due to malabsorption and emaciation, while they have a good appetite. Rapid diagnosis is required to achieve the best treatment results with antifungal drugs. The study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of <em>Macrorhabdus ornithogaster</em> in budgerigars and lovebirds in Yazd city. 140 apparently healthy birds were studied and 5 stool samples were collected from each bird. A total of 700 stool samples were evaluated by fecal wet-mount and gram staining methods. Also, histopathological examination was done on 3 dead birds which had signs including anorexia and weight loss. <em>Macrorhabdus ornithogaster</em> was not found in wet smear and histopathological samples, which shows a very low prevalence of this organism in budgerigars and lovebirds in Yazd city.https://jvlr.semnan.ac.ir/article_10426_04be7e06c9d7ebe8846fc12bb3211983.pdfSemnan UniversityJournal of Veterinary Laboratory Research2821-050617220260316An analytical assessment of economic losses associated with hepatic parasitic infections in slaughtered livestock in Bukan, West AzerbaijanAn analytical assessment of economic losses associated with hepatic parasitic infections in slaughtered livestock in Bukan, West Azerbaijan2312401047910.22075/jvlr.2025.38053.1174FAMohammadMazroueiDepartment of Veterinary Medicine, Baft Islamic Azad University, Baft, Iran.AminAhmadiAssistant professor of the Parasitology section. Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ardakan University, Ardakan, Iran.HosseinIravaniDepartment of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, B.C., Baft, IranKasraZolfaghariDepartment of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Baft Branch, Baft, IranMohammad JavadMaftoohi- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Baft Branch, Baft, IranFarshidRostamzadehDepartment of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agriculture & Natural Resources,Ardakan University, Ardakan, IranJournal Article20250610This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the prevalence of liver parasite infections and assessing the resulting economic losses in slaughtered livestock in Bukan County. In this study, the carcasses of 800 small ruminants and 700 cattle were inspected during the winter and spring seasons to determine liver parasite contamination. The collected data were ultimately analyzed using SPSS Statistics 27.0.1 software and the Chi-Square test. The results showed that among a total of 800 small ruminants, 2.37% were infected with Dicrocoelium, 6.37% with hydatid cyst, and 0.5% with Fasciola. Additionally, the examination of cattle livers from 700 slaughtered animals revealed that 0.14% were infected with Dicrocoelium, 4% with hydatid cyst, and 1.28% with Fasciola. This study indicated that the estimated economic losses could be mitigated by proper antiparasitic treatment, which would cost only 3.75% of the liver sales revenue, thereby preserving liver health and preventing the wastage of 96.25% of financial resources.This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the prevalence of liver parasite infections and assessing the resulting economic losses in slaughtered livestock in Bukan County. In this study, the carcasses of 800 small ruminants and 700 cattle were inspected during the winter and spring seasons to determine liver parasite contamination. The collected data were ultimately analyzed using SPSS Statistics 27.0.1 software and the Chi-Square test. The results showed that among a total of 800 small ruminants, 2.37% were infected with Dicrocoelium, 6.37% with hydatid cyst, and 0.5% with Fasciola. Additionally, the examination of cattle livers from 700 slaughtered animals revealed that 0.14% were infected with Dicrocoelium, 4% with hydatid cyst, and 1.28% with Fasciola. This study indicated that the estimated economic losses could be mitigated by proper antiparasitic treatment, which would cost only 3.75% of the liver sales revenue, thereby preserving liver health and preventing the wastage of 96.25% of financial resources.https://jvlr.semnan.ac.ir/article_10479_f6e68da572b8a3f2296772435a45a99b.pdfSemnan UniversityJournal of Veterinary Laboratory Research2821-050617220260316Seroprevalence of Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR) in Dairy Cattle in Khorramabad Using Indirect ELISA MethodSeroprevalence of Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR) in Dairy Cattle in Khorramabad Using Indirect ELISA Method2412481042510.22075/jvlr.2026.39647.1193FAAlirezaLoghmaniDepartment of pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Lorestan University. P. O. Box: 465, Khorramabad, Iran. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8994-2691Seyed AminHejaziFaculty of veterinary medicine, Lorestan university, Khorramabad, IranShahramMaleki2. Department of Clinical science , School of Veterinary Medicine, Lorestan University. P. O. Box: 465, Khorramabad, IranJournal Article20251108Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR), caused by Bovine Herpesvirus Type 1 (BHV-1), is a highly contagious disease affecting cattle worldwide, with significant economic implications due to reduced productivity and trade limitations. Despite its impact, no prior seroepidemiological investigation has been conducted in Khorramabad, Iran. This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of BHV-1 and assess potential risk factors associated with IBR infection in dairy cattle in Khorramabad. A descriptive-analytical study was carried out between December 2023 and March 2024, involving 100 non-vaccinated dairy cows aged 3 to 5 years from eight farms in north and south Khorramabad. Blood samples were analyzed using an indirect ELISA kit to detect anti-BHV-1 antibodies. Statistical analysis was performed using Chi-square tests and logistic regression. The overall seroprevalence of IBR was 59%. A significantly higher prevalence was observed in the southern region (88%) compared to the north (30%) (P<0.05). Seropositivity increased with age, with cows aged 4 and 5 years showing significantly higher infection rates (76.5% and 75%, respectively) compared to 3-year-olds (26.5%) (P<0.05). The high seroprevalence of BHV-1 in Khorramabad highlights the urgent need for preventive measures, particularly vaccination and improved herd management. Regional differences in prevalence and the strong association with age underscore the importance of targeted control strategies. This study provides foundational data for designing effective IBR surveillance and control programs in Khorramabad and similar regions.
<strong>Keywords</strong>:Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR), caused by Bovine Herpesvirus Type 1 (BHV-1), is a highly contagious disease affecting cattle worldwide, with significant economic implications due to reduced productivity and trade limitations. Despite its impact, no prior seroepidemiological investigation has been conducted in Khorramabad, Iran. This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of BHV-1 and assess potential risk factors associated with IBR infection in dairy cattle in Khorramabad. A descriptive-analytical study was carried out between December 2023 and March 2024, involving 100 non-vaccinated dairy cows aged 3 to 5 years from eight farms in north and south Khorramabad. Blood samples were analyzed using an indirect ELISA kit to detect anti-BHV-1 antibodies. Statistical analysis was performed using Chi-square tests and logistic regression. The overall seroprevalence of IBR was 59%. A significantly higher prevalence was observed in the southern region (88%) compared to the north (30%) (P<0.05). Seropositivity increased with age, with cows aged 4 and 5 years showing significantly higher infection rates (76.5% and 75%, respectively) compared to 3-year-olds (26.5%) (P<0.05). The high seroprevalence of BHV-1 in Khorramabad highlights the urgent need for preventive measures, particularly vaccination and improved herd management. Regional differences in prevalence and the strong association with age underscore the importance of targeted control strategies. This study provides foundational data for designing effective IBR surveillance and control programs in Khorramabad and similar regions.
<strong>Keywords</strong>:https://jvlr.semnan.ac.ir/article_10425_0ba070af1f7024d1e7ea886cb70c69f7.pdfSemnan UniversityJournal of Veterinary Laboratory Research2821-050617220260319Ultrasonographic Evaluation of the Corpora Nigra in the Eyes of Turkmen Horse: Assessment of Echogenicity, Dimensions, and VolumeUltrasonographic Evaluation of the Corpora Nigra in the Eyes of Turkmen Horse: Assessment of Echogenicity, Dimensions, and Volume2492571044210.22075/jvlr.2026.39755.1196FAPouranMohammadiDepartment of veterinary Clinical Sciences, SR.C., Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.FarrokhrezaKabirDepartment of veterinary Clinical Sciences, SR.C., Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IranSaeedOzmaieDepartment of veterinary Clinical Sciences, SR.C., Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IranSaiedBokaieEpidemiology and Zoonosis Division, Department of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranJournal Article20251118The aim of this study was to evaluate the ultrasonographic characteristics of the corpora nigra in the eyes of Turkmen horses, including echogenicity, dimensions, and volume. In this study, 30 healthy Turkmen horses (19 mares and 11 stallions) were categorized based on age and sex into four groups: immature stallions, mature stallions, immature mares, and mature mares. A transpalpebral technique was used for the ultrasonographic evaluation of the eye, and the length, volume, and area of the corpora nigra were measured. Ultrasonographic examination of the corpora nigra in Turkmen horses revealed that, in terms of echogenicity, all observed structures exhibited a hyperechoic appearance and generally appeared as round or oval bodies with defined borders and margins, located adjacent to each other. The results of the analyses showed that the mean length and area of the corpora nigra were smaller in younger males compared to females, while in older males, these values were equal to those in females. The statistical test indicated significant differences in the length and area of the corpora nigra based on age, but no significant differences were observed between the two sexes overall. The volume of the corpora nigra was the same in all groups, regardless of age or sex. This study aims to establish reference values and improve the understanding of these structures for clinical evaluations and management of ocular diseases in this breed.<br /><strong> </strong><br /> The aim of this study was to evaluate the ultrasonographic characteristics of the corpora nigra in the eyes of Turkmen horses, including echogenicity, dimensions, and volume. In this study, 30 healthy Turkmen horses (19 mares and 11 stallions) were categorized based on age and sex into four groups: immature stallions, mature stallions, immature mares, and mature mares. A transpalpebral technique was used for the ultrasonographic evaluation of the eye, and the length, volume, and area of the corpora nigra were measured. Ultrasonographic examination of the corpora nigra in Turkmen horses revealed that, in terms of echogenicity, all observed structures exhibited a hyperechoic appearance and generally appeared as round or oval bodies with defined borders and margins, located adjacent to each other. The results of the analyses showed that the mean length and area of the corpora nigra were smaller in younger males compared to females, while in older males, these values were equal to those in females. The statistical test indicated significant differences in the length and area of the corpora nigra based on age, but no significant differences were observed between the two sexes overall. The volume of the corpora nigra was the same in all groups, regardless of age or sex. This study aims to establish reference values and improve the understanding of these structures for clinical evaluations and management of ocular diseases in this breed.<br /><strong> </strong><br /> https://jvlr.semnan.ac.ir/article_10442_850b55e764837816a51fe5bd934cdab2.pdf