Semnan UniversityJournal of Veterinary Laboratory Research2821-05065120130522contentcontent122910.22075/jvlr.2017.1229FAJournal Article20170128contentInstruction to authors 1Molecular biology of Clostridium perfringens focusing on epsilon and beta toxin genes Pilehchian Langroudi, R.5Evaluation of two simple tests for detection of cryptosporidium in calveschangizi, e.21Fauna and abundance of veterinary important flies of Muscidae (Diptera) and determination of Thelaziasis vectors in cattle farms of Urmia, IranMoradi, S., Tavassoli, M.*, Naem, S., Akbarzadeh, K.29Study of drug resistance patterns of separated Clostridium perfringens from broiler in Fars provinceGhorbani-Ranjbry, A. * , Asmarian, Sh., Ghorbani-Ranjbry, N., Ghorbani-Ranjbry, Z.39Study on Shepherd Dog Dirofilariosis in Kermanshah province in 2011-2012Bohloli Oskoii, S., Sadeghi, E., Hashemian, A.H., Ghaffari Khaligh, S.47Prevalence of cryptosporidium spp. infection in dairy calves in Mashhad Asadpour, M. , Razmi, Gh.* , Mohammadi, Gh.3, Naghibi, A. 55Properties of the appendix tissue structure in rabbit influence age and sexFatahian Dehkordi, R.A., Parchami, A. 65contentInstruction to authors 1Molecular biology of Clostridium perfringens focusing on epsilon and beta toxin genes Pilehchian Langroudi, R.5Evaluation of two simple tests for detection of cryptosporidium in calveschangizi, e.21Fauna and abundance of veterinary important flies of Muscidae (Diptera) and determination of Thelaziasis vectors in cattle farms of Urmia, IranMoradi, S., Tavassoli, M.*, Naem, S., Akbarzadeh, K.29Study of drug resistance patterns of separated Clostridium perfringens from broiler in Fars provinceGhorbani-Ranjbry, A. * , Asmarian, Sh., Ghorbani-Ranjbry, N., Ghorbani-Ranjbry, Z.39Study on Shepherd Dog Dirofilariosis in Kermanshah province in 2011-2012Bohloli Oskoii, S., Sadeghi, E., Hashemian, A.H., Ghaffari Khaligh, S.47Prevalence of cryptosporidium spp. infection in dairy calves in Mashhad Asadpour, M. , Razmi, Gh.* , Mohammadi, Gh.3, Naghibi, A. 55Properties of the appendix tissue structure in rabbit influence age and sexFatahian Dehkordi, R.A., Parchami, A. 65https://jvlr.semnan.ac.ir/article_1229_310ce61c90f3a46e340ee8257bc70e93.pdfSemnan UniversityJournal of Veterinary Laboratory Research2821-05065120130522Cover of Journal of Veterinary Laboratory ResearchCover of Journal of Veterinary Laboratory Research123010.22075/jvlr.2017.1230FAJournal Article20170128For having the cover click on the name of the journalJournal of Veterinary Laboratory ResearchFor having the cover click on the name of the journalJournal of Veterinary Laboratory Researchhttps://jvlr.semnan.ac.ir/article_1230_4122cb13c7a474c1976c9706ae36521d.pdfSemnan UniversityJournal of Veterinary Laboratory Research2821-0506512013052214123110.22075/jvlr.2017.1231FAJournal Article20170128https://jvlr.semnan.ac.ir/article_1231_6c14da109e294d1e8155be8aa4b1ce8e.pdfSemnan UniversityJournal of Veterinary Laboratory Research2821-05065120130522Molecular biology of Clostridium perfringens focusing on epsilon and beta toxin genesMolecular biology of Clostridium perfringens focusing on epsilon and beta toxin genes519123210.22075/jvlr.2017.1232FAJournal Article20170128AbstractC. perfringens is an anaerobic gram positive spore forming bacterium that lives in soil, sediments and human and animal digestive tracks. This bacterium produces many toxins that are responsible for its virulence and are used for its classification. Based on the toxin production amount, C. perfringens is divided into five types A, B, C, D and E. 17 protein exotoxin is produced by this bacterium which 4 of them are major (alpha, beta, epsilon and Utah), and others are minor toxins (sigma, theta, kappa, lambda, mu, nu, neuraminidase and enterotoxin). In 1993 C. perfringens chromosome was mapped for the first time. This map revealed details of the chromosome. In the recent years lot of studies in the field of Clostridium molecular biology and its DNA recombination has been done around the world and in Iran. This paper is a review of these studies.AbstractC. perfringens is an anaerobic gram positive spore forming bacterium that lives in soil, sediments and human and animal digestive tracks. This bacterium produces many toxins that are responsible for its virulence and are used for its classification. Based on the toxin production amount, C. perfringens is divided into five types A, B, C, D and E. 17 protein exotoxin is produced by this bacterium which 4 of them are major (alpha, beta, epsilon and Utah), and others are minor toxins (sigma, theta, kappa, lambda, mu, nu, neuraminidase and enterotoxin). In 1993 C. perfringens chromosome was mapped for the first time. This map revealed details of the chromosome. In the recent years lot of studies in the field of Clostridium molecular biology and its DNA recombination has been done around the world and in Iran. This paper is a review of these studies.https://jvlr.semnan.ac.ir/article_1232_e53a0a2978c28872a4505bdb51db06dc.pdfSemnan UniversityJournal of Veterinary Laboratory Research2821-05065120130522Evaluation of two simple tests for detection of cryptosporidium in calvesEvaluation of two simple tests for detection of cryptosporidium in calves2127123310.22075/jvlr.2017.1233FAChangizi, E.0000-0001-7120-0833Journal Article20170128AbstractIn order to compare the methods of Cryptosporidium infected fecal sample preparation, including direct smear and formol-ether concentration method, we prepared two direct smear and one formol-ether smear from each fecal sample. Out of 53 specimens (infected cows from different animal husbandry of Semnan) in formol-ether smear, 42 samples were positive. But in specimens in direct smear at least 36 were positive. In performing two direct smears, 46 samples were positive. Sensitivity in direct smear was estimated 88.3% and in formol-ether was 82.8%. It seems to be logical that it's better to provide two direct smear from different parts of the feces in epidemiological studies.AbstractIn order to compare the methods of Cryptosporidium infected fecal sample preparation, including direct smear and formol-ether concentration method, we prepared two direct smear and one formol-ether smear from each fecal sample. Out of 53 specimens (infected cows from different animal husbandry of Semnan) in formol-ether smear, 42 samples were positive. But in specimens in direct smear at least 36 were positive. In performing two direct smears, 46 samples were positive. Sensitivity in direct smear was estimated 88.3% and in formol-ether was 82.8%. It seems to be logical that it's better to provide two direct smear from different parts of the feces in epidemiological studies.https://jvlr.semnan.ac.ir/article_1233_e034fb6b66aacc1d48f445ddfb08da98.pdfSemnan UniversityJournal of Veterinary Laboratory Research2821-05065120130522Fauna and abundance of veterinary important flies of Muscidae (Diptera) and determination of Thelaziasis vectors in cattle farms of Urmia, IranFauna and abundance of veterinary important flies of Muscidae (Diptera) and determination of Thelaziasis vectors in cattle farms of Urmia, Iran2937123410.22075/jvlr.2017.1234FAMoradi, S.Tavassoli, M.Naem, S.Akbarzadeh, K.Journal Article20170128AbstractBovine thelaziasis is a round worm infection that is transmitted by muscidae flies. This investigation was carried out to determine fauna and abundance of veterinary important muscidae flies and to identify Thelazia. spp vectors on cattle farms in Urmia region from 2011 to 2012. Flies were collected by sweep net. The fliesâ species were identified by identification keys and suspected flies were immediately desiccated for detect Thelazia spp. infection. In this study, totally 2873 adult flies from 10 families were captured. Among these 63% had belonged to Muscidae family. 4 genera and 8 veterinary important species were identified in this family. Out of these flies Muscina levida (assimilis) was reported for the first time from Iran. Considering their relative abundance the following species were found to be respectively the most abundant: Musca domestica (%33/7), Haematobia irritans (%16/6), M. automnalis (%15/9), Stomoxys calcitrans (%10/5), M. sorbens (%9/4), Muscina stabulans (%2/7), M. crassirostris (%2/5), M. levida (%1/8). The potential vectors of Thelazia spp., M. domestica, M. sorbens, M. automnalis and M. crassirostris were also collected. No infection of Thelazia spp. Larva was observed on examined fliesâ samples.AbstractBovine thelaziasis is a round worm infection that is transmitted by muscidae flies. This investigation was carried out to determine fauna and abundance of veterinary important muscidae flies and to identify Thelazia. spp vectors on cattle farms in Urmia region from 2011 to 2012. Flies were collected by sweep net. The fliesâ species were identified by identification keys and suspected flies were immediately desiccated for detect Thelazia spp. infection. In this study, totally 2873 adult flies from 10 families were captured. Among these 63% had belonged to Muscidae family. 4 genera and 8 veterinary important species were identified in this family. Out of these flies Muscina levida (assimilis) was reported for the first time from Iran. Considering their relative abundance the following species were found to be respectively the most abundant: Musca domestica (%33/7), Haematobia irritans (%16/6), M. automnalis (%15/9), Stomoxys calcitrans (%10/5), M. sorbens (%9/4), Muscina stabulans (%2/7), M. crassirostris (%2/5), M. levida (%1/8). The potential vectors of Thelazia spp., M. domestica, M. sorbens, M. automnalis and M. crassirostris were also collected. No infection of Thelazia spp. Larva was observed on examined fliesâ samples.https://jvlr.semnan.ac.ir/article_1234_81dc9bdb52d04dc20036dbd8313ed055.pdfSemnan UniversityJournal of Veterinary Laboratory Research2821-05065120130522Study of drug resistance patterns of separated Clostridium perfringens from broiler in Fars provinceStudy of drug resistance patterns of separated Clostridium perfringens from broiler in Fars province3946123510.22075/jvlr.2017.1235FAGhorbani-Ranjbry, A.Asmarian, Sh.Ghorbani-Ranjbry, N.Journal Article20170128AbstractClostridium perfringens is a thick, gram positive and long bacteria (basil) that is seen in single or double. It is rarely like chain. Type C and D toxins of Clostridium cause necrotic enteritis in broiler. It is also cause enteric toxin in human. The aim of this study was to determine drug resistance patterns of separated Clostridium perfringens in broiler. Antibiogram test was performed after separation of 22 strains of Clostridium perfringens from broiler of Fars province and sensitivity to penicillin, chloramphenicol and vancomycin was recorded. Results were analyzed by using statistical software SPSS17. In this research, sensitivity in all 22 isolates of Clostridium perfringens to penicillin, vancomycin and chloramphenicol was 81.3 percent to 88.2 percent, while in the other antibacterial compounds such as tetracycline, lincomycin, neomycin sulfate resistance showed a 71% to 85%. Furthermore, all isolates showed resistance to more than one anti-bacterial compound. Also there was statistically significant difference (P ⤠0.05) between susceptible isolates and resistant isolates. According to drug resistance of Clostridium perfringens isolates to antibiotics tetracycline, lincomycin, neomycin sulfate before antibiotic prescription, antibiogram tests are required.AbstractClostridium perfringens is a thick, gram positive and long bacteria (basil) that is seen in single or double. It is rarely like chain. Type C and D toxins of Clostridium cause necrotic enteritis in broiler. It is also cause enteric toxin in human. The aim of this study was to determine drug resistance patterns of separated Clostridium perfringens in broiler. Antibiogram test was performed after separation of 22 strains of Clostridium perfringens from broiler of Fars province and sensitivity to penicillin, chloramphenicol and vancomycin was recorded. Results were analyzed by using statistical software SPSS17. In this research, sensitivity in all 22 isolates of Clostridium perfringens to penicillin, vancomycin and chloramphenicol was 81.3 percent to 88.2 percent, while in the other antibacterial compounds such as tetracycline, lincomycin, neomycin sulfate resistance showed a 71% to 85%. Furthermore, all isolates showed resistance to more than one anti-bacterial compound. Also there was statistically significant difference (P ⤠0.05) between susceptible isolates and resistant isolates. According to drug resistance of Clostridium perfringens isolates to antibiotics tetracycline, lincomycin, neomycin sulfate before antibiotic prescription, antibiogram tests are required.https://jvlr.semnan.ac.ir/article_1235_9996535e07258a7bbfd8b132435c5962.pdfSemnan UniversityJournal of Veterinary Laboratory Research2821-05065120130522Study on Shepherd Dog Dirofilariosis in Kermanshah province in 2011-2012Study on Shepherd Dog Dirofilariosis in Kermanshah province in 2011-20124754123610.22075/jvlr.2017.1236FABohloli Oskoii, S.Sadeghi, E.Hashemian, A.H.Ghaffari Khaligh, S.Journal Article20170128AbstractDirofilariosis is a zoonotic disease caused by Dirofilaria immitis, a nematode parasite. It can be transmitted by insects and distributed worldwide. Animals such as dog and cat can serve as hosts of the parasite. The aim of this study was the determination of dirofilariosis prevalence and relation between infection with age, gender, strain, season and geographical distribution in the shepherd dogs in Kermanshah province. One hundred and twenty Shepherd dogs selected randomly, the age, gender, breed and the area were recorded, and then the blood samples were taken and sent to the lab. The presence or absence of Dirofilaria immitis microfiler was examined by thick blood smear and modified knott methods.Twenty two out of 120 samples were positive (18.3%, CI: 11.4%-25.3%) in Dirofilaria immitis microfiler. Fourteen male dogs (20%, CI: 10.6%-29.4%) and 8 female dogs (16%, CI: 5.8%-26.2%) were positive. The most infected rate was observed in over three-year age group and the least infected rate was observed in one and under one-year age groups. In this study 25% of the over three-year age group, 13.3% of the one to three-year age group and 10% of the one and under one-year age groups were infected. 19.6% of the infected dogs were hybrids and 21.4% of the infected dogs were indigenous. The most infected rate was seen in the summer (26.6%) and the least infected rate was seen in autumn and winter (13.3%). In different geographical areas of the study, 13.3% of positive samples were related to the north and the south regions, 26.6% to the east region and 20% to the west region. There was no significant difference between the prevalence of dog dirofilariosis with none of the above factors.The presence of Dirofilaria immitis infection among dogs in Kermanshah province and the transmission possibility of the infection to human, for controlling the disease it is suggested that the loafer dogs would have to be obliterated and the effective drugs were used against the parasite in order to prevent and treat the infected ones.AbstractDirofilariosis is a zoonotic disease caused by Dirofilaria immitis, a nematode parasite. It can be transmitted by insects and distributed worldwide. Animals such as dog and cat can serve as hosts of the parasite. The aim of this study was the determination of dirofilariosis prevalence and relation between infection with age, gender, strain, season and geographical distribution in the shepherd dogs in Kermanshah province. One hundred and twenty Shepherd dogs selected randomly, the age, gender, breed and the area were recorded, and then the blood samples were taken and sent to the lab. The presence or absence of Dirofilaria immitis microfiler was examined by thick blood smear and modified knott methods.Twenty two out of 120 samples were positive (18.3%, CI: 11.4%-25.3%) in Dirofilaria immitis microfiler. Fourteen male dogs (20%, CI: 10.6%-29.4%) and 8 female dogs (16%, CI: 5.8%-26.2%) were positive. The most infected rate was observed in over three-year age group and the least infected rate was observed in one and under one-year age groups. In this study 25% of the over three-year age group, 13.3% of the one to three-year age group and 10% of the one and under one-year age groups were infected. 19.6% of the infected dogs were hybrids and 21.4% of the infected dogs were indigenous. The most infected rate was seen in the summer (26.6%) and the least infected rate was seen in autumn and winter (13.3%). In different geographical areas of the study, 13.3% of positive samples were related to the north and the south regions, 26.6% to the east region and 20% to the west region. There was no significant difference between the prevalence of dog dirofilariosis with none of the above factors.The presence of Dirofilaria immitis infection among dogs in Kermanshah province and the transmission possibility of the infection to human, for controlling the disease it is suggested that the loafer dogs would have to be obliterated and the effective drugs were used against the parasite in order to prevent and treat the infected ones.https://jvlr.semnan.ac.ir/article_1236_7bccfde7714a1ebadf06c5f4cea752c1.pdfSemnan UniversityJournal of Veterinary Laboratory Research2821-05065120130522Prevalence of cryptosporidium spp. infection in dairy calves in MashhadPrevalence of cryptosporidium spp. infection in dairy calves in Mashhad5563123710.22075/jvlr.2017.1237FAAsadpour, M.Razmi, Gh.Mohammadi, Gh.Naghibi, A.Journal Article20170128AbstractCryptosporidium spp. are common intestinal protozoan parasites that infect a wide range of hosts, including human and animals, worldwide. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. in dairy calves in Mashhad. Fecal samples were randomly collected from 300 pre-weaned calves (1-30 day-old) from 9 dairy farms located in different regions of Mashhad. The prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. infections in these animals was determined by examining for the presence of oocysts in the fecal samples, using modified Ziehl-Neelson staining method. The overall Cryptosporidium oocysts were identified in 28.3% (85/300) of samples (95% CI, 0.283±0.048). Fecal samples were classified according to the consistency as diarrheic (45/300) and non- diarrheic (255/300). Diarrhea was recorded in 45 of the positive samples (100%). Cryptosporidial prevalence was significantly higher in diarrheic (100%) (45/45) versus non-diarrheic (13.33%) (40/300) calves (pAbstractCryptosporidium spp. are common intestinal protozoan parasites that infect a wide range of hosts, including human and animals, worldwide. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. in dairy calves in Mashhad. Fecal samples were randomly collected from 300 pre-weaned calves (1-30 day-old) from 9 dairy farms located in different regions of Mashhad. The prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. infections in these animals was determined by examining for the presence of oocysts in the fecal samples, using modified Ziehl-Neelson staining method. The overall Cryptosporidium oocysts were identified in 28.3% (85/300) of samples (95% CI, 0.283±0.048). Fecal samples were classified according to the consistency as diarrheic (45/300) and non- diarrheic (255/300). Diarrhea was recorded in 45 of the positive samples (100%). Cryptosporidial prevalence was significantly higher in diarrheic (100%) (45/45) versus non-diarrheic (13.33%) (40/300) calves (phttps://jvlr.semnan.ac.ir/article_1237_a9eb812238f753132652ae09963a05e9.pdfSemnan UniversityJournal of Veterinary Laboratory Research2821-05065120130522Properties of the appendix tissue structure in rabbit influence age and sexProperties of the appendix tissue structure in rabbit influence age and sex6573123810.22075/jvlr.2017.1238FAFatahian Dehkordi R.A.Parchami A.Journal Article20170128AbstractDespite the appendix is structure of the embryonic consumptive but containing physiological structure with distinct function. The appendix is small structure that its wall followed of overall intestinal layers. For the evaluation of this structure and study of properties of lymphoid tissue in 3 and 6 months of age and differences in both sexes, twelve males and females New Zealand white rabbits bred were selected. The weight of the rabbit and the appendix measured and for histomorphometric study, number, length and shape of the lymphoid follicles were studied in three regions distal, middle and proximal. Evaluation of the appendix wall and tissue changes was studied histologically. The histometrical results showed that number and length of follicles increases in middle region compare to other regions and the number of follicles was without changes but their lengths in 6 month was greater than 3 month old. The microscopic study indicated epithelial tissue cells altered in lymphoid follicular surface, but were not observed goblet cells and crypt divergences were increased more in 6 months old compare to 3 months old.AbstractDespite the appendix is structure of the embryonic consumptive but containing physiological structure with distinct function. The appendix is small structure that its wall followed of overall intestinal layers. For the evaluation of this structure and study of properties of lymphoid tissue in 3 and 6 months of age and differences in both sexes, twelve males and females New Zealand white rabbits bred were selected. The weight of the rabbit and the appendix measured and for histomorphometric study, number, length and shape of the lymphoid follicles were studied in three regions distal, middle and proximal. Evaluation of the appendix wall and tissue changes was studied histologically. The histometrical results showed that number and length of follicles increases in middle region compare to other regions and the number of follicles was without changes but their lengths in 6 month was greater than 3 month old. The microscopic study indicated epithelial tissue cells altered in lymphoid follicular surface, but were not observed goblet cells and crypt divergences were increased more in 6 months old compare to 3 months old.https://jvlr.semnan.ac.ir/article_1238_d38901788c533e8286cb6400b40b386d.pdf